浸润可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 凹尿管肺部A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )凹尿管肺部常见于凹和尿道之间，多半设在凹尿管的下1/3 ，但也可常见于数设在凹下。这些肺部可表现为完全无回波或低回波。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 三幅11A，凹尿管肺部，此肺部已受感染，内部内含微弱回波的液体。B，凹尿管肺部，尴尬的肺部前壁产生透射伪影。

..Endometriosis阴道内膜乳癌Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).结节阴道内膜乳癌是阴道移植中风的长期合并症，无类似于表现，但可于现在移植手术的瘢痕一处见一局部肿物，并有震荡的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 三幅12 ，剖宫产脸颊一处阴道内膜乳癌

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 结节血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于发作性头痛后、喷嚏或癫痫发作后，其根本原因多半是抗凝疗程或出血性疾病。由于血肿受限于腹直肌鞘内，多半不很小，其形状根据所一处位置而定，在突起终点站以上，血肿则有对生，椭呈上下侧向，可于一侧想起（三幅13A）；在突起终点站以下，由于腹白终点站缺如，可扩展掠过中所终点站，因此血肿表现为分叶状，其第二大大小设在双曲终点站上。在婴孩结节血肿可常见于凹上横向扩展（三幅13B、C）。术后球状性肾脏内凝血的疗程可于结节移植手术瘢痕西南方想起大的血肿（三幅13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 三幅13A，一中所年妇女无可避免头痛后腹直肌鞘血肿，上标通知腹横静脉。B，婴孩结节血肿。C，一婴孩凹静脉粘附一处里面的结节血肿。UV，凹静脉。D，一球状性肾脏内凝血的剖宫产术后疗程疤痕一处结节血肿。

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